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A referendum took place in Southern Sudan from 9 to 15 January 2011,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=First day of south Sudan referendum ends peacefully )〕 on whether the region should remain a part of Sudan or become independent.〔(Road to 2011 referendum is full of obstacles – South Sudan's Kiir ) Sudan Tribune, 12 July 2007〕 The referendum was one of the consequences of the 2005 Naivasha Agreement between the Khartoum central government and the Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M). A simultaneous referendum was supposed to be held in Abyei on whether to become part of Southern Sudan but it has been postponed due to conflict over demarcation and residency rights. On 7 February 2011, the referendum commission published the final results, with 98.83% voting in favour of independence. While the ballots were suspended in 10 of the 79 counties for exceeding 100% of the voter turnout, the number of votes were still well over the requirement of 60% turnout, and the majority vote for secession is not in question. The predetermined date for the creation of an independent state was 9 July 2011.〔(''Sudan referendum: what's being voted on and what will happen?'' ) The Telegraph. 8 January 2011〕 ==Background== The prerequisites for the referendum included a census, which was used to define how wealth and political power will be apportioned between regions. The census was the basis of a voter registration process, which was also used for the national elections in 2010, which in turn set the stage for the referendum. The census was delayed three times. Problems included disagreements between the north and south over what they are obliged to do by the Naivasha Agreement, funding difficulties and an enormous logistical challenge. In the south, unmapped minefields from the war continue to make movement difficult, while up to five million Sudanese are nomadic. Up to two million internally displaced persons from the south remain in camps around Khartoum, in the center of the country, while refugees remain in Uganda and Kenya. A further complication results from the conflict in Darfur to the west, where civilians who have fled attacks refuse to take part in census out of fear that the government would use the results against them. Darfuri rebel groups are unanimous in their denunciation of the planned census, while the Justice and Equality Movement group has threatened to attack any census-taker.〔Henshaw, Amber, ("Sudanese stand up to be counted" ), ''BBC News'', 21 April 2008〕 There were disagreements between the National Congress Party (NCP) and the SPLA/M about what proportion of voters will have to be in favour of independence (the NCP wanted at least 75% support required), whether Southern Sudanese living in the north should be allowed to vote, and the post-referendum separation process (including the division of the national debt). Modest progress was made in early September 2010, but disagreements on fundamental points remain. It is envisaged that "popular consultations" in South Kordofan and Blue Nile, without a clear reference to referendums and/or independence, would raise concerns about the future of these regions.〔(Will Sudan's Nuba Mountains be left high and dry? ) by Peter Martell, BBC News, 24 November 2009〕〔(SUDAN: The Nuba Mountains – straddling the north-south divide ), IRIN, 12 November 2009〕 According to the terms of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (or CPA),〔 in October 2009, the central government of Sudan and the South Sudanese government agreed that turnout would have to be at least 60% of 3.8 million voters would be necessary to validate. In this case, a simple majority vote in favour of independence would result in secession for South Sudan;〔("Sudan referendum law endorsed in cabinet, 51% ‘Yes’ vote & 60% turnout required" ), ''Sudan Tribune'', 14 February 2009.〕〔("Terms for Sudan referendum agreed" ), ''BBC News'', 16 October 2009.〕 should the turnout be insufficient in the first referendum, a second one will be held within sixty days. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「South Sudanese independence referendum, 2011」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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